Sample of Critical Appraisal

The immobilisation and restraint of paediatric patients during plain film radiographic examinations

As per the opinion of Madura and Johnston (2017), immobilisation and restraint of children helps in facilitating radiographic examination is an controversial issue which has been relatively ignored through carrying out radiography research. However, the main aim of this study is to assess the gap between the research in order to provide a description regarding restraint used in a limited number of clinical sites and also highlight any perceived way of training, policies or regulations so that it could be used within child immobilisation and restraint. However, Lampignano and Kendrick (2017), argued that it is essential for care providers to identify the reason that best care services needs to be provided in terms of to paediatric patients and thus examine them appropriately so that proper care and support could be provided to them and thus attain desired results. Also, facilitating health care professionals aims to deliver appropriate examination so that it could facilitate radiographic controversial issue and thus it could be ignored by radiography research. However, it's main aim is to assess the research gap in regard to provide a description of restraint used in a limited number of clinical sites and thus highlights any perceived need for training, policies and guidelines and thus use of child immobilisation and restraint (Graham and Hardy, 2004).

immobilisation and restraint of paediatric patients

As per the view of Miller and et. al., (2017), purpose of the research is to identify the immobilisation and restraint of children in regard to facilitate radiographic examination and thus it is also an controversial issue that needs to be relatively ignored through using radiography research. However, the main aim of the study is to fill the research gap through providing a description of restraint used in a limited number of clinical areas so that they could highlight any type of perceived requirement for training policies or guidelines n the use of child immobilisation and restraint. It is essential for researcher to assess the perceived need for training and formulate policies or guidelines in the use of child immobilisation and restraint. However, Puna and Tomlinson (2017), argued that child immobilisation and restraint in regard to use limited number of clinical sites in regard to highlight any perceived need for training so that best results can be attained. Also, the method which was used in order to carry out the study was cross sectional survey design in regard to use questionnaire. Thus, it is an effective method that is used by scholar so that they can conduct the research through using such method and thus obtain responses in order to evaluate the outcomes.

Drubach (2017), stated that if survey was not used that researcher was not able to conduct such a wide information from various respondents. Therefore, it is essential for them to carry out effective study and obtain the best responses in terms of attaining best results. However, questionnaire is being posted on e-mails and google scholars so that it could be distributed to wide number of audiences and then it could be filled by them. However, the respondents that are selected for the study are 167 radiographers which is very wide range of people and thus they are being selected from 6 different hospitals. Hence, crucial information would be obtained and it could be utilised so that best information can be obtained. However, Madura and Johnston (2017), argued that selecting such number of respondents are effective in order to obtain effective results and thus desired questions could be asked from researcher. It is essential for them to conduct a wide research using different respondents in result of distributing to radiographers who are being employed within 6 different hospital trusts.

Impact of plain film radiographic examinations

As per the opinion of Lampignano and Kendrick (2017), using the restraint paediatric plain film radiography is considered as an apparently widespread practice and thus supports for clinical radiographers. Through the development of training opportunities and practice guidelines which is seen as essential in regard to promote high quality paediatric radiography practices so that desired results can be attained. However, carrying out effective practices results into performing the best outcomes and thus helps in raising the use of paediatric plain film helps in carrying out effective practice and support for clinical radiographers so that best health care services could be delivered to patients. However, Miller and et. al., (2017), argued that selecting wide number of respondents for reviewing their responses helps in carrying out effective training opportunities and practice guidelines so that it is essential to promote high quality paediatric radiography practices needs to be carried out which results into performing best actions. Also, it is significant for them to obtain different responses which aims to focus upon performing desired actions and thus obtain best results so that success can be attained. Thus, the main outcome of the study was assessing the widespread practice and support for clinical radiographers through developing appropriate training opportunities and practice guidelines and helps in effectively promoting the high quality paediatric radiography practices in terms of delivering high quality performance to patients (Puna and Tomlinson, 2017).

An observational study based on the interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer

interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer

As per the view of Thenappan and et. al., (2017), the practice of paediatric radiography needs to be completely different skill and thus it needs to set so that it can match with the adult radiography. However, when becoming a paediatric patient it is essential for them to develop effective cooperation which is considered as the most difficult role. Also, it is essential to ensure that child needs to cooperate and thus for that proper examination need to be made in order to make positioning easier. Hence, it helps in providing potential positioning so that a proper diagnostic image could be created.

However, Vasconcelos and et. al., (2017), argued that it is essential for paediatric radiography aims to completely set a different skill in regard to identify the reasons and match the same with adult radiography. Also, using appropriate cooperation and helps in ensuring that proper examination needs to be made in order to develop an effective diagnostic image. Further, the main aim of the study is to assess the interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer in regard to uncover the techniques used so that it is also essential to help alleviate any type of fear or stress that the child patient might feel. Also, it is essential for them to provide appropriate care and support so that best results can be carried out.

Stoustrup and et. al., (2017), stated that the main of the study is to identify the interaction within the paediatric patient and thus radiographer needs to uncover different techniques which is being used by them so that they can help in alleviating any type of stress which is being faced by child. However, Contreary, Collins and Rich (2017), argued that there is an effective interaction between paediatric patient and radiographer so that it helps in uncovering the different techniques which is being used by the radiographer and thus helps in overcoming any type of stress or fear which is being faced by children when they are under radiographer for diagnostic.

Further, while carrying out the study the method which is being used in regard to carry out the study is direct observational method and thus it is considered as effective in regard to help both radiographer and child's guardians which is being provided with full written consent. However, it is essential for them to undertake effective practices so that such method is carried out as an effective method through which radiographer and resultant reactions from the child were being recorded in regard to develop an appropriate observational checklist designed for paediatric examinations (Singh, Sood and Kaur, 2017).

impact of interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer

As per the Trinh and et.al., (2017), opinion of the main results which were obtained from the study were 79 patients who were aged between 3 months to 15 years and 13 radiographers with no particular training of paediatric training other than experience were being observed. However, through carrying out effective observations it helps in identifying that lower limb, upper limb, abdomen and chest projections are considered as effective so that interaction could be made within radiographer and paediatric children.

However, Thenappan and et. al., (2017), argued that it is essential for identify the emotions of children and therefore, it helps in improving the interaction level so that responses can be collected in an effective manner. Through carrying out successful methods of alleviating a child's fear and anxiety within an X-ray room so that it involves the use of child friendly equipment such as colorful, toys so that it could attract children and their mind could be diverted. Thus, through such way it is very attractive and thus helps radiographer to identify the stress and unrest situation of child. It is also essential to carry out all such practices so that appropriate results could be attained.

Furthermore, through the study it can be evaluated that successful methods are being alleviating such as child's fear and anxiety within X-ray room so that they could manage the work and take their reviews. Also, carrying out effective examinations results into providing effective practices and thus improve the responses so that best results can be carried out. However, when the time was short and workload was high it could be identified that radiographers were less likely to spend time calming the child down and thus instead they were more focused upon accomplishing the examinations which will be quickly as possible (Harding and Davis, 2015).

Stoustrup and et. al., (2017), explained that carrying out effective practices results into performing the desired actions so that children could be managed in terms of carrying out the effective practices and thus helps in improving the performance so that best results can be attained. Also, it is essential to maintain effective practices would result into performing the desired actions and thus focus upon improving best performance in regard to manage the children's health and support so that desired actions could be carried out in an effective way.

Gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic radiography: Effectiveness and practice

As per the opinion of Frush (2017), using Gonad Shields helps in advocating during the pelvic radiography within children helps in identifying the risk from radiation which is high. However, previous research report which is being identified in terms of GS that has been omitted and rarely used correctly. However, GS has been advocated in regard to assess the pelvic radiography and thus assess that children's are required to eva 22 luate the risks from radiation which is high. Also, it has been evaluated that use of GS in the context of previous researches so that best results can be carried out. Further, it is significant for scholar to carry out effective study that helps in improving effective performance so that best results can be attained.

Therefore, using effective technology assists in improving the performance and thus results in carrying out best actions and therefore, it helps in fulfilling the main objectives of the study. Further, carrying out retrospective analysis of images from an existing DICOM Digital Teaching Library (DTL) needs to carried out and thus helps in performing the desired actions so that appropriate results cn carrying out effective results so that best results can be attained. It helps in identifying that images of the pelvis from paediatric were reviewed and scored on whether a GS was present in order to consider to adequately protect the gonads.

Rankin (2017), stated that carrying out current practice of gonad shielding is neither effective nor beneficial that helps in making the risks from radiation are higher. Therefore, it is essential to undertake effective GS are often omitted and rarely used in order to correct the experiences so that best results can be attained. Through carrying out retrospective analysis of carrying out images through DTL technology it would be useful so that best results can be attained, providing proper review assists in carrying out effective analysis and thus consider that adequately it helps in protecting the gonads. Through carrying out the research it helps in obtaining best information so that appropriate results could be attained. Therefore, it is essential for researcher to identify that current practice of gonad shielding is neither effective nor beneficial for female paediatric patients and thus they need to take proper care before exposing themselves to X-ray.

However, Vasconcelos and et. al., (2017), argued that gonad shielding is no longer an appropriate optimization tool for female paediatric patients in order to carry out effective conventional radiography of the pelvis and should be abandoned. Also, assessing the best factors helps in influencing the patients and provide them appropriate outcomes so that best results can be carried out.

It is essential for medical practitioners to carry out effective practices using effective techniques and thus protect the child through not affecting them. However, in order to review the best practices there are effective GS that needs to be considered and protect the gonads. Hence, proper gonad shielding practices is being carried out. Through carrying out effective practices would result into developing gonad shielding is no longer an appropriate optimization tool for female paediatric patients during conventional radiography of the pelvis and thus it should be abandoned (Contreary, Collins and Rich, 2017).

Further, carrying out effective analysis results into performing the desired actions so that appropriate outcomes can be attained. Also GS needs to be carried out effectively in regard to improve the patients' performance in market and therefore, they need to be carried out so that best results can be attained (Warlow, Walker-Birch and Cosson, 2014).

It can be carried out so that best results can be attained in terms of identifying the needs of patients and thus, fulfil the needs of patients so that best results can be carried out. Through reviewing the business practices it helps in maintaining effective practices for patients so that best results can be carried out. Further, carrying out current practice of gonad shielding is neither effective not beneficial for female paediatric patients. Thus, through gonad shielding is no longer an appropriate optimization tool for female paediatric patients during conventional radiolography of the pelvis and should be abandoned (Singh, Sood and Kaur, 2017).

Conclusion

From the above report it can be concluded that reviewing the business practices it helps in maintaining effective practices for patients so that best results can be carried out. Further, carrying out current practice of gonad shielding is neither effective not beneficial for female paediatric