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Dental
TASK 1
1.1 Reasons to adjust environmental factors during treatment
Environmental factors mainly include biotic or abiotic components, which influences living organisms. Here, biotic components consists temperature and amount of light. While abiotic as presence of predators, parasites and more. Therefore, during treatments, it is essential for dental care association to concern on these environmental factors for influencing the decision and satisfaction level of service users. For designing the healthcare facilities, management or doctors need to concern on tools they use, environment where they work and more. By using ventilation and filtration system as well as prevent hospital premises from moisture where treatment is given, help in controlling and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
Use of appropriate lightening enable doctors, nurses and other health promoters for visual performance. Similarly heating effect also needs to be controlled while giving treatment by making adjustment in room temperature as per requirement.
1.2 Process and reasons to maintain equipments with manufacturerâs instructions
When equipments and medical tools are allocated to a department, it is primarily responsibility of clinical staff to analyse the way they treat them as well as state under which the same is leftover after treatment. In addition to these responsibilities, they also responsible for performance checks before use and routine maintenance by ensuring charging batteries and more. Clinical staff also needs to aware manager and high authorities for any problem related  with device or piece of equipment, without making any delay. They should ensure that damaged equipments should not be used until they are repaired and fully tested as safe.
As failure of any equipment during treatment leads to cause consequences, for well-being of patients. Therefore, it is essential for maintaining medical equipments in proper manner, which helps in alleviating possibility of sudden incidents and extend life of equipments also. In this regard, procedure for maintaining some equipments under healthcare sectors are-
Aspirator:
This tool is used to remove saliva, pus, blood and more, from oral cavities. To maintain it, always keep the tip in upright position before and after turning the aspiration off.
Waterlines:Â
In order to maintain dental unit water quality at less than or equal to 500 cfu/ml heterotrophic water bacteria, dental board needs to purge devices and waterlines flushed with air or water, for at least two minutes. Â Â
Water storage equipment:
Some dental equipments are directly connected with water system for treatment. It includes automated endoscope re-processor (AER), which may use contaminated water during medical procedures. Because certain microbes from water may contaminate equipments that cause nosocomial infection. Therefore, it is highly important to clean, disinfect as well as maintain such equipments as per manufacturerâs instructions. To rinse such object, use water of highest quality such as sterile or bacteriology-filtered water.
Task 2
2.1 Complete the table:
Equipment |
Action if equipment failure |
Report to |
What records should be kept on servicing and Why |
Dental chair |
Replace it from premises |
Authorised person |
While servicing or repairing, it is essential  to concern on proper maintenance. Engineers should be certified. |
Aspirator |
Purchase or repair tools as soon as possible |
Authorised persons |
Replace damaged or defective components |
Hand pieces |
Purchase new one |
Seniors |
Use and check before treatment procedures |
Ultrasonic scaler |
Immediate respond and give reports |
Highly authorised persons |
Any damage in this tool may leads to damage teeth so special concern is necessary during servicing |
X-ray machine |
Plug off the key and inform seniors |
Highly authorised persons |
Routine tests should be carried out |
X-ray processing equipment |
Stop the procedures of treatment and off system immediately |
Highly authorised persons |
Checked properly before use |
Autoclave |
Make records of servicing, inspection and user validation checks |
Engineers |
Replacement of components which are defective |
Instrument washer |
Repair it under vision of authorised persons |
Managers |
Service include repair and preventive maintenance |
Ultrasonic bath |
Check is validation period and mark it for repair |
Highly authorised persons |
Replaced all parts with original manufacturer parts as well as backed up with guarantees. |
Task 3
3.1 Reasons for per-cleaning instruments prior to sterilisation with risk, correct action and long term effect
Cleaning process involves removal of debris from equipments therefore, it is essential for pre-cleaning instruments, before sterilisation. If such procedure i.e. debris (organic or inorganic) doesn't removed before sterilisation, then it will lead to microbial inactivation. Properly checking and wearing the appropriate protective gloves and equipments during sterilisation and cleaning procedures, helps to keep personal hygiene, especially in case of damaged instrument. Here, using damaged or pre-used sterile goods have potentially long term effects. It includes damage of internal links, infection blooding and conical issues which may affect directly the human body.
3.2 Reasons for placing instruments and hand pieces in correct locations to different stages of sterilisation
For managing and maintaining the entire aspiration equipments, it is essential for concerning towards maintenance of hand pieces and other equipments. They should place in correct place especially during stages of sterilisation because every stage has either direct or indirect impact on results or outcomes.
3.3 Methods of testing autoclaves
Autoclaves refers to a routine method which involves techniques for sterilising medical equipments. Different methods can used for testing autoclaves such as laboratory, washer equipment, run testing and more. Dental associations must sterilise spore test under certain autoclave condition.
Task 4
4.1 Type of wastages
In dental association, different types of wastages include- Domestic and Municipal waste (cleaning of floor and wash-rooms); Clinical or Hazardous waste, Mercury-containing; gloves, face-masks, amalgam fillings and more. It can be classified as:
Hazardous waste |
Non-hazardous waste |
Special waste |
Alcohol wipes, Amalgam (including in extracted teeth), Â Tissues, Â Lead foil, Â Sharps |
Used gloves,  Face masks,  Cotton wool  rolls,  Gauze,  Napkins |
Damaged instruments, Â Mouthwash beakers, Â Medicines, Stock packaging |
4.2 Dangers of not disposing of waste correctly
Hazardous and non-hazardous wastages under dental association should be properly managed. As it is the main crucial issue for improving and maintaining ecosystem and human health. If they are not disposed properly then it contributes to generate amount of pollutants in environment. It also includes cross-infection risk, deadly infections like hepatitis, HIV and more.
4.3 Actions to take in response to given spillages:-
a) Mercury spillage from an amalgam capsule
Use scoop for collecting the amalgam or mercury-waste. If there are mercury droplets then use syringe for picking up then place this syringe in waste container box.
b) Body fluids from a patient who was sick in surgery after impressions
Inform staff members, patients and other persons about immediate vicinity, locate spill kit, remove mobile equipments which are unaffected and notified the registered manager.
c) Chemical spillage when diluting ultrasonic bath cleaning solution
Use sulphur powder and rubber gloves for preventing from chemical effect. Dental association needs to use zipper-shut plastic bags for chemical spillage, when diluting with ultrasonic bath cleaning solution.
d) Water
For managing spillage of water, wipe surface of floors and contaminated water as soon as possible, for reducing possibility of accidents.
Task 5
5.1 Way to report the following:
a) Sharp injury
In case of sharp injuries during sterilisation of equipments, immediate report to seniors.
b) Damaged instruments
Inform managers for damaged instruments to be repaired soon for other treatment procedures.
c) Accidents
In case of any accident happen while using equipments or chemicals, inform upper level of management.
d) Contaminated equipments
Inform doctors to do not uses equipments which are highly or less contaminated for treatment.
e) Damaged sterile supplies
Inform authorities or managers to concern on damaged sterile supplies for improving efficiencies.
5.2 Procedure and equipment needed for:
a) General equipment cleaning
For general equipment cleaning, dental associations need to concern on building and maintaining clean and hygiene environment. For example- lightening and humidity, that helps in minimising residues from dust and liquid.
b) Sterilisation equipment
For sterilisation, proper ventilation management has to develop and extra care needs to sterilise equipments.
5.3 Presentation in terms of personal hygiene
For personal hygiene, female doctors in dental association should tie-up their hair properly. While male doctors or staff members should trim hair more precisely. Both male and female staff or other service providers, must trim their nails, do not wear any jewellery during treatment procedure, wear water-resistant and comfortable footwear. Along with this, their uniform must be cleaned properly on daily basis and must carry hand washing sterilisers, for preventing themselves from bacteria or other infections.Â
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