Management Accounting

Master budget

An organization prepare a master budget so that they can improve their financial position in the market as compare to other competitors. Through this, Rolls- Royce holdings will be able to control their income level and overall expenses. This kind of budget is based on some elements such as profits, cost and revenues. This can be prepared on the basis of monthly or quarterly so that at the end of financial year the target can be achieved.

The master budget is the combination of operational as well as financial budget. This is an effective tool which can help the enterprise in providing the direction to the different staff members of the company. Through these, the overall spending level can be controlled by the firm and that will lead them towards success. Some steps are involved into preparing an effective budget...

Budget Committee

It is formed so that they can prepare an effective budget. In this, manager has to make the plan as per the specified goals so that their overall financial performance can be improved.

Identify the Factors

At this stage, different factors should be identified that may affect the budget of Rolls-Royce holdings. These factors are like employee salary, expenses and so on.

Sales Budget

This kind of budget can be prepared so that expected sales can be forecasted. Through this, they will be able to enhance their productivity level and achieve the financial goals. On the basis of this, future sales can be forecasted which helps them in accomplishing the specified plan.

Production Budget

This budget has to be prepared by the manager of Rolls-Royce holdings so that overall inventory level can be maintained and demand of the customers can be fulfilled. In this, they have to perform manufacturing operations so that quality products can be developed at flexible price.

Direct Material

This type of budget shows the material which are required in order to manufacture the goods. When production is performed with the budgeted cost then their overall goals can be achieved. So, through this good quality services can be developed which is helpful for the firm.

Direct Labour Budget

In this, manager has to hire the employees at the right time in order to avoid the recruitment of unskilled staff members. So, in this manner overall recruitment process can be improved which helps them in enhancing the productivity.

Factory Overhead Budget

This type of budget includes some cost except direct material and labour cost. Through this, the manufacturing industry will be able to perform their overall operations in more effective manner.

Selling and Administrative Expenses Budget

This type of budget is related to the non-manufacturing expenses of the firm. So, by using this the manager can set the proper guideline for selling the goods and administered the different activities in more successful manner.

Income Statement

At this stage, income statement is prepared by the company so that operating income can be estimated in more effective manner. This kind of statement also gives a vision to the company that how they can perform their future goals in an effective manner.

Cash budget

By preparing cash budget, overall activities of the firm can be performed in more successful manner. On the basis of this, an enterprise will be able to ensure that they have sufficient cash to carry out the different operations. The manager of Rolls-Royce holdings will be able to plan their different activities or operations.

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Budgeted Balance Sheet

This is the last step of master budget as through this companies will be able to know about their financial position at the end of financial period.

So, all these different steps play an important role while preparing the master budget. There are many budgets that comes under this so that company’s overall performance can be improved and that will lead towards their high revenues or profitability. The other budgets can help Rolls-Royce holdings in performing their operations or activities effectively.

The functional budget of the organisation can be check with the help of cross verification of the information which has been provided in master budget. The advantage of master budget are as follows.

• The functional budget of the company is available in one report only.
• Overall estimate of profit of organisation are given by this master budget.

Master budget is highly helpful for the top management. The main reason behind this is that because it provides meaningful information which are available in capsule form.
The disadvantages of master budget are as follows which have to be considered by the managers while making any budget.

• It de-motivates the employees if the budget is prepared according to their expectations.
• The results which has been determined by the organisation are sometimes are not reliable, so it might become the problem for the employees as well as business entity.
• The manager has regular revise the budget plan. So it become difficult for the organisation to constantly update with the budget plan.

Budgets are not accurate they are always made on the basis of assumptions. If the business environment in which the activities of Rolls Royce are functioning changed than it will lead to changes in budgets as the cost and revenues of the company will be changed. If there will be downswing in economic condition than it will directly affect economy in which activities are running. The budgets are prepared on the end of fiscal years and remaining years there are no strategy planned for budgets. If there are changes in market after the budgets are formed than there are no systems designed so that review can be taken of the situation thus changes can be made accordingly.

This situation places the company under a disaster position. Budgets required more timing in plans and procedures where the business environment required changes. Less timing is needed if the plans and procedures are already defined in Rolls Royce, employees are aware of the budgets and company is using effective software for preparation of budgets. The work of business can be more if there are changes in business environment and thus budgets are to be designed according which the desired changes. If the outcomes of the budgets are not easily achieved by the cited company than they can blame on any department within the organisation for not achieving the desired results. Budgets are focused only with the numeric values and thus they are considered only the qualitative aspects of business and thus it lays emphasis on achieving profitability for organisations.

Consequences that arise from imposition of budget

While implementation the budget by senior management there are some unwanted side effects which can be faced by the company and their members. For example, the budgeting is having a behavioral implication in encouraging the employees. It will impact on the performance of staff in order to fulfill organization objectives. If senior management have set the unrealistic targets, then it will lead in the de-motivation. Top authority have to set their targets in appropriate manner. If these targets are set low, then budgetary slack will occur. Budget can also lead inflexibility if managers are not supporting decision taken by the senior management.

As the manager of budget they are charging high amount from the customers in terms of providing services and products. The budget manager of Roll-Royce is expecting to collect range of information so that they can implement proper budget plan. Sometimes senior management are making budget for their own benefit which will directly impact on the performance of employees. The results of organization cannot be measured accurately by the managers because budget are prepared on the estimate of approximately. The employees are thinking that at the time of preparation of budget it is time consuming process so indirectly it wastes the time of organization as well as resources also. While making the budget, sometimes it cannot fulfil the expectation of organization. So the managers are blaming on the budget. For this, efficient budget program is required that one person fully understand the essentials of budgeting.

CONCLUSION

From the above carried out analysis it can be summarised that an enterprise can achieve their goals and objectives by implementing the budget. The firm can achieve success through different types of cash budget, income statement, production and so on. The overall financial position of the manufacturing firm can be enhanced. There are some consequences that can be faced by the senior managers after implementing the master budget.

REFERENCES

• Parker, L.D., 2012. Qualitative management accounting research: Assessing deliverables and relevance. Critical perspectives on accounting.
• Renz, D.O.,. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley & Sons.
• Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2013. Management accounting and control practices in a lean manufacturing environment. Accounting, Organizations and Society.
• Qian, W., Burritt, R. and Monroe, G., 2011. Environmental management accounting in local government: A case of waste management. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal.